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پی دیواری
The perimeter drain can be placed either inside or outside of the foundation wall, as shown in Figure 10.2.
The highest point of the perimeter drain pipe should be placed several inches below the bottom of the foundation wall and/or the level of the floor slab.
• Placing the foundation wall or grade beam directly on grade without a footing.
Where basements are used the foundation walls can be heavily rein- forced so that they can span unsupported distances and resist cracking
Another method used to concentrate loads and increase bearing stress is to place shallow individual footings at several points under the foundation walls as shown in Figure 9.1c.
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